Which doctrine protects an employee from discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

The correct answer is Title VII, which is a crucial piece of legislation that forms part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law specifically prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It aims to create a workplace environment where employees are treated fairly and equitably, free from bias based on these characteristics.

Title VII covers a wide range of employment practices, including hiring, firing, promotions, harassment, training, and benefits. It provides employees with the ability to seek legal recourse if they experience discrimination in the workplace, thereby promoting equal opportunity and protecting the civil rights of employees.

In contrast, the other options address different aspects of employment law: the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) focuses on preventing discrimination against individuals with disabilities; the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) deals with employees' rights to take unpaid leave for family or medical reasons without losing their job; and the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) governs the rights of employees to organize and engage in collective bargaining. Each of these laws has its specific purpose and scope, but Title VII is the one that explicitly protects against discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.